- bladder exstrophy
-
a severe deformity of the bladder that requires major surgical reconstruction. Fetal bladder exstrophy can be diagnosed by ultrasound before birth so that special preparations can be made at delivery for optimal care.
See also Institute for Fetal Health; Myles ahead of bladder exstrophy
- cryptorchidism (undescended testes, UDT)
-
a condition seen in newborns whereby one or both of the male testes has not passed down into the scrotal sac. It
appears in about 1% of males and is also more commonly seen in premature infants than in those who are full term.
See also Surgery (general); Undescended testes (UDT, or cryptorchidism)
- enuresis ("bedwetting")
-
refers to the involuntary emptying of the bladder. When it occurs during sleep, it is called nocturnal enuresis. When it occurs during the day, while awake, it is known as diurnal enuresis.
See also Enuresis; Kidney diseases (nephrology); More about enuresis; Try for Dry program
- hernia
-
a section of intestine or other internal organ that pushes through an opening in an abdominal muscle.
See also Fetal hydrocele; Hernias and hydroceles; Inguinal hernia and hydrocele; Surgery (general)
- hypospadias (sometimes misspelled as hypospadius)
-
a birth defect in which the male urethral (urine tube) opening is not located at the tip of the penis.
See also Hypospadias
- kidney stone
-
a solid piece of material that forms from crystallization of excreted substances in the urine.
See also Kidney diseases (nephrology)
- micropenis
-
a normally structured penis that is smaller then the normal size range for an infant.
- paraphimosis
-
a term used to describe when the foreskin is retracted behind the corona (or crown) of the penis and cannot be returned to the unretracted position.
- posterior urethral valves
-
abnormal valves that prevent the normal release of urine causing the kidneys and collecting systems to become overfilled and expanded. In the fetus, the condition is diagnosed when the urinary obstruction that occurs is seen on ultrasound.
See also Institute for Fetal Health
- ureterocele or ectopic ureter
-
abnormal formations of the urine-carrying tubes within the body that can prevent normal urine flow or cause infections. Fetal ureterocele is suggested by ultrasound findings of urine accumulation above the level of obstruction that causes ballooning of the ureters and/or kidney.
See also Fetal and neonatal ureterocele; Fetal duplication of collecting systems; Institute for Fetal Health
- ureteropelvic junction obstruction (also fetal reflux; pelviectasis; pyelectasis)
-
blockage of urine flow at the place where the urine tube drains the kidney. Fetal uretero-pelvic junction obstruction is suggested by ultrasound findings of urine accumulation above the obstruction that causes the kidney to balloon in size.
See also Fetal hydronephrosis; Institute for Fetal Health
- urinary reflux (vesicoureteral reflux)
-
a condition in which urine backs up from the bladder into the kidneys, which may result in a kidney infection
See also Vesicoureteral reflux
- urinary tract infection
-
an infection that occurs in the urinary tract; often caused by bacteria such as Escherichia coli. A urinary tract infection often causes frequent urination, pain, burning when urinating, and blood in the urine.
See also Fetal and neonatal ureterocele; Vesicoureteral reflux