- articular cartilage injuries
-
injuries to the surfaces of the bones where they come together to form joints (articular cartilage, a material that allows the bone surfaces to glide smoothly across each other). Chronic wearing down of this material is called osteoarthritis. A chondral or osteochondral fracture occurs when a fracture of the bone involves both bone and cartilage.
- avulsion fracture
-
a fracture where a tendon pulls off a piece of bone, usually as a result of a violent or forceful muscle contraction. In children and adolescents, an avulsion fracture typically occurs at a growth center (an area of the bone made up of cartilage which is also the site where tendons attach to bone).
See also Emergency medicine
- dislocation
-
a term used to describe two bone ends that have separated after extreme force is put on a ligament. Dislocations can also affect a joint, the point where two or more bones come together. The joint is created as a "ball-and-socket" joint. A dislocated joint causes the head of the bone (ball) to partially or completely come out of the socket.
- exercise-induced asthma
-
not the same as chronic asthma, the more proper term is exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB). EIB is shortness of breath and wheezing that are triggered by exercise or physical activity. The symptoms usually occur during or shortly after exercise.
- growth plate injuries
-
injuries to the cartilage found at the ends of the bones in children and adolescents. Cartilage is softer than bone and therefore more vulnerable to injury. Growth plate injuries include fractures and avulsions.
See also "Little League shoulder" (proximal humeral epiphysitis)
- heat illness
-
illness resulting from excessive exercise in high temperature or humidity
- ligament injuries
-
include sprains (stretched or partially torn) and complete tears or ruptures to the pieces of fibrous tissue that connect one bone to another -- the ligaments
- meniscus injuries
-
injuries to the crescent-shaped rubbery wedge of fibrous cartilage -- the meniscus -- which is located between the shinbone (tibia) and the thigh bone (femur). The meniscus acts as a cushion for the knee joint and helps to stabilize the knee during twisting motions. Injury to the meniscus results in a tear.
- minor fracture
-
a crack or break in a bone
- overuse injuries
-
tissue breakdown due to repetitive activity. Overuse injuries cause pain that worsens over time.
- sports-related concussion
-
a traumatic head injury characterized by various physical symptoms, the most common of which are headaches and dizziness; also associated with changes in brain function, such as memory loss, difficulties with attention, processing speed, reaction time and concentration.
See also Concussion evaluation services with the
Institute for Sports Medicine
- stress fracture
-
overuse injury of a bone that results when too much stress is placed on it, causing its cortex (outside layer) to crack
- tendon injury
-
partial or complete tear of a tendon.
- tendonitis
-
inflammation in a tendon which typically results from overuse