Allergic rhinitis
Rhinitis is a reaction
that occurs in the nose when airborne allergens trigger the release of
histamine. Histamine causes itching, swelling and mucus production in the
fragile linings of nasal passages, sinuses, and eyelids.
There is usually a family history of allergy problems.
Types of allergic rhinitis
The two
categories of allergic rhinitis include:
- Seasonal - occurs particularly during pollen seasons. Seasonal allergic
rhinitis does not usually develop until after four years of age.
- Perennial - occurs throughout the year. This type of allergic rhinitis is
commonly seen in younger children.
What causes it?
The most common allergens that
cause allergic rhinitis include the following:
- Pollen
- Dust mites
- Mold
- Animal dander
Symptoms
The following are the
most common symptoms of allergic rhinitis. However, each child may experience
symptoms differently. Symptoms may include:
- Sneezing
- Stuffiness
- Runny nose
- Itchy nose, throat, eyes, and ears
- Nosebleeds
- "Allergic salute" is when a child rubs his/her hand upward across the
bridge of the nose while sniffing. This may cause a line or crease to form
across the bridge of the nose.
Children with perennial allergic rhinitis may also have the following
associated problems:
- Recurrent ear and sinus infections
- Snoring
- Mouth breathing
- Fatigue
- Poor performance in school
The symptoms of allergic rhinitis may resemble other conditions or medical
problems. Always consult your child's physician for a diagnosis.
The diagnosis
Typically, the
diagnosis is made by your child's physician based on a thorough medical history
and physical examination. In addition to the above symptoms, your child's
physician may find, upon physical examination, dark circles under the eyes,
creases under the eyes, and swollen pale tissue inside the nose. The diagnosis
is confirmed by allergy skin tests.