Thyroglossal duct cysts
A thyroglossal
duct cyst is a neck mass or lump that develops from cells and tissues remaining
after the formation of the thyroid gland during embryonic development. It is
most commonly diagnosed in preschool-aged children or during mid-adolescence,
and often appears after an upper respiratory infection when it enlarges and
becomes painful.
What causes a thyroglossal duct cyst?
A thyroglossal duct cyst is a congenital
(present from birth) defect. When the thyroid gland forms during embryonic
development, it begins at the base of the tongue and moves down the neck through
a canal called the thyroglossal duct. This duct normally disappears once the
thyroid reaches its final position in the neck. Sometimes, portions of the duct
remain leaving cavities or pockets called cysts. These cysts can fill with fluid
or mucus and may enlarge if they become infected. Very enlarged cysts can cause
difficulty swallowing or obstruct breathing passages.
The symptoms
The following are the most common symptoms of a thyroglossal duct cyst.
However, each child may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include:
- Small, soft, round mass in the center front of the neck
- Tenderness, redness, and swelling of the mass, if infected
- A small opening in the skin near the mass, with drainage of mucus from the
cyst
- Difficulty swallowing or breathing
The symptoms of a thyroglossal duct cyst may resemble other neck masses or
medical problems. Always consult your child's physician for a diagnosis.