Branchial cleft abnormality
A branchial cleft
abnormality is a mass of abnormally formed tissues within the neck. These
tissues may form pockets called cysts that contain fluid, or they may form
passages that drain to an opening in the skin surface. Branchial cleft
abnormalities are usually located near the front edge of the sternocleidomastoid
muscle, which is the neck muscle that extends from the skull (mastoid) to the
clavicle (collarbone) and sternum (breastbone).
Different types of branchial cleft abnormalities include the following:
- Cysts or sinuses (deep tissue pockets or cavities; may contain fluid)
- Fistulas (drainage passage from internal tissues to the skin surface)
Branchial cysts are more common in older adolescents and adults, especially
males, while branchial fistulas are more commonly seen in young infants.
What causes branchial cleft abnormality?
A branchial cleft abnormality is a
congenital (present from birth) defect that occurs during early embryonic
development when the structures and tissues that form the neck and throat do not
properly grow together. The tissues form pockets and pathways that contain cells
from other parts of the neck and throat. Branchial cleft cysts are lined with
skin and lymph cells and contain fluid that is secreted by these cells.
Branchial cleft fistulas also contain skin cells but drain mucus and fluids from
other internal areas of the neck and throat.
Its symptoms
Branchial cleft abnormalities are usually small, but can
enlarge enough to cause difficulty swallowing and breathing. The following are
the most common symptoms of a branchial cleft abnormality. However, each child
may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include:
- Small lump or mass to the side of the neck near the front edge of the
sternocleidomastoid muscle (usually only on one side of the neck, rarely on
both sides; usually painless unless infected)
- Small opening in the skin that drains mucus or fluid near the front edge
of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
The symptoms of a branchial cleft abnormality may resemble other neck
abnormalities or medical problems. Always consult your child's physician for a
diagnosis.