Lymphadenopathy
Lymphadenopathy is the term for swelling of the lymph nodes — the bean-shaped
organs found in the underarm, groin, neck, chest, and abdomen that act as
filters for the lymph fluid as it circulates through the body. Lymphadenopathy
can occur in just one area of the body, such as the neck, or it may be
generalized, with lymph node enlargement in several areas. The cervical lymph
nodes found in the neck are the most common site of lymphadenopathy.
Causes of lymphadenopathy
The lymphatic system is part of the immune system and
functions to fight disease and infections. As infection-fighting cells and fluid
accumulate, the lymph nodes enlarge to many times their normal size. Nearly all
children will develop lymphadenopathy at some time, as the condition commonly
occurs in response to an infection from a virus such as an upper respiratory
infection. Bacterial infections such as strep throat, caused by the
streptococcus bacterium, can also cause lymphadenopathy. undefined
Since enlarged lymph nodes are often near the source of infection, their
location can help determine the cause. For example, an infant with a scalp
infection may have enlarged lymph nodes at the back of the neck. Swollen lymph
nodes around the jaw may be due to an infection in the teeth or mouth. However,
the lymphadenopathy may be generalized, with lymph node enlargement in more than
one area (typical of a viral illness).
Sometimes, the lymph nodes themselves can become inflamed and enlarged, a
condition called lymphadenitis. Lymph nodes can also enlarge due to cancer in
the lymphatic system such as Hodgkin's disease.
Symptoms
In children, it is normal to be able to feel some lymph
nodes as small, movable lumps under the skin. However, if the nodes become more
enlarged than usual, there may be an underlying problem.
The following are the most common symptoms of lymphadenopathy. However, each
child may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include:
- Swollen, enlarged lumps in the neck, back of the head, or other locations
of lymph nodes
- Tenderness of the nodes, although the nodes may not be painful if the
child is no longer ill
- Warmth or redness of the skin over the lymph nodes
- Fever
- History of illness
The symptoms of lymphadenopathy may resemble other neck masses or medical
problems. Always consult your child's physician for a diagnosis.