We have provided brief definitions for the health topics and conditions found here. Many include links to pages with more information.

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A

• abdominal ultrasound
• abdominal x-ray
• abrasion
• abscess
• accommodation
• ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitor
• acetaminophen
• acne
• acne neonatorum (also called baby acne)
• acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
• acupuncture points
• acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
• acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
• acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
• acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
• acute respiratory distress syndrome
• adenoids
• adjuvant therapy
• adolescence
• adrenal cortex
• adrenal gland (also called suprarenal glands)
• adrenal hyperplasia
• adrenal hypoplasia
• adrenal medulla
• adrenaline (also called epinephrine)
• adrenarche
• advance directives
• advocacy
• aerobic exercise
• affective disorder (also known as mood disorder)
• air leak
• airway obstruction
• Alagille syndrome
• aldosterone
• allergen
• allergic rhinitis (also called hay fever)
• allergy
• allogeneic bone marrow transplantation
• allograft
• alopecia
• alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
• alveolus (alveoli pl.)
• amblyopia (also called lazy eye)
• American Sign Language (ASL)
• amniocentesis
• amniotic sac
• analgesic
• anaphylaxis (also called anaphylactic shock)
• anastomosis
• androgen hormone
• anemia
• anencephaly
• anesthesia
• anesthesiologist
• aneurysm
• Angelman syndrome
• angioedema
• angiogram
• angiography
• angioma
• angioplasty
• ankylosing spondylitis
• anorectal atresia
• anorexia nervosa (also called anorexia)
• anosmia
• antacids
• anterior chamber
• anterior fontanelle (also called the "soft spot")
• anthrax
• anti-inflammatory drugs
• antibiotics
• antibody (also called immunoglobulin)
• anticholinergics
• anticipatory grief

• anticoagulant
• antidiarrheals
• antidiuretic hormone (also called vasopressin)
• antiemetic
• antigen
• antihistamine drugs
• antihypertensive
• antispasmodics
• antivenin
• anus
• aorta
• aortic arch
• aortic regurgitation
• aortic stenosis
• aortic valve
• Apert syndrome
• apex
• Apgar test
• aphasia
• apheresis
• aplastic anemia
• apnea
• appendectomy
• appendicitis
• appendix
• apraxia
• aqueous humor
• arrhythmia (also called dysrhythmia)
• arterioles
• artery
• arthralgia
• arthritis
• arthrogram
• arthrogryposis
• arthroscopy
• articular cartilage injuries
• articular cartilage injuries
• ascending colon
• ascites
• Asperger disorder
• asphyxia
• asphyxiation
• assistive devices
• asthma
• astigmatism
• asymptomatic
• ataxia
• atonic colon
• atrial fibrillation
• atrial flutter
• atrial septal defect (ASD)
• atrial septum
• atrioventricular (AV) node
• atrioventricular block
• atrioventricular canal
• atrioventricular canal defect
• atrioventricular node
• atrium (atria pl.)
• attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
• audiologist
• audiology
• auditory brainstem response (ABR) test
• auditory nerve
• aural atresia
• autistic disorder (also called autism)
• autoimmune deafness
• autoimmune disease
• autologous bone marrow transplantation
• autopsy
• autosomal dominant inheritance
• autosomal recessive inheritance
• autosome
• avulsion fracture
• axilla

B

• bacterial endocarditis
• balance
• balloon angioplasty
• barium
• barium enema (also called lower GI, or gastrointestinal, series)
• barium swallow
• basal cell carcinoma
• basal cells
• bedwetting (enuresis)
• benign
• bereavement
• Berlin Heart
• beta blocker
• bicuspid
• bilateral
• bile
• bile ducts
• biliary atresia
• biliary atresia
• bilirubin
• binge eating disorder
• bingeing
• binocular vision
• biochemical genetic testing
• biofeedback (urinary)
• biologic response modifiers (Also called biologic therapy.)
• biopsy
• biopsy examinations
• biotinidase deficiency
• birth defect
• birthmark
• bladder
• bladder exstrophy
• blasts
• blepharitis
• blister
• blocked tear ducts
• blood
• blood clot
• blood glucose

• blood in the eye (hyphema)
• blood plasma
• blood pressure
• blood tests
• blood vessels
• body mass index (BMI)
• boil
• bone age
• bone graft
• bone marrow
• bone marrow aspiration and biopsy
• bone marrow harvest
• bone marrow transplantation (BMT)
• bone metabolism tests
• bone scan
• bone survey (skeletal)
• botulism
• bowel
• bowel movement
• brachial palsy
• brachial plexus injuries
• brachycephaly
• bradycardia
• brain abscess
• brain cysts and malformations
• brain stem tumors
• brain tumors
• branchial cleft abnormality
• bronchiole
• bronchitis
• bronchodilators
• bronchopulmonary dysplasia (also called BPD or chronic lung disease)
• bronchoscopy
• bronchus
• brucellosis
• bruxism
• bulimia nervosa (also known as bulimia)
• bundle-branch block
• bursas
• bursitis

C

• calcitonin
• calcium channel blocker
• cancer
• cancer care team
• cancer cell
• candida
• candidiasis (Also called yeast infection.)
• capillaries
• carbohydrates
• carbuncles
• carcinogen
• cardiac (heart) arrhythmia
• cardiac arrest
• cardiac catheterization
• cardiac output
• cardiomyopathy
• cardiopulmonary arrest
• cardiopulmonary bypass
• cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
• cardiovascular
• cardioversion
• career development
• carotid artery
• carrier testing
• cartilage
• caruncle
• cast
• cataract
• catarrhal
• catheter
• cavernous hemangioma
• cecum
• celiac disease (Also called celiac sprue or gluten sensitive enteropathy.)
• cellulitis
• cephalohematoma
• cephalometric x-ray
• cerebellar astrocytomas
• cerebral palsy (CP)
• cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)
• Cesarean section
• chalazion
• chemotherapy
• Chiari malformations
• chickenpox (varicella)
• childhood glaucoma
• chlamydial infection
• choking
• cholangiography
• cholesterol
• choroid
• choroid plexus papilloma
• chromosome
• chronic lung disease (CLD or bronchopulmonary dysplasia)
• chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
• chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
• chronic pain
• ciliary body
• cineangiography
• circulatory system
• circumcision
• cleft lip
• cleft palate
• clinical trial
• clinically relevant allele ambiguities
• closed heart surgery
• clostridium difficile (Also known as C. diff or C. difficile.)
• clotting
• clubfoot (also called talipes equinovarus)
• CO2 laser

• coarctation of the aorta
• cochlea
• cochlear implant
• cognitive development
• cold sore
• colectomy
• colic
• colitis
• collagen
• collateral vessels
• colon
• colonoscopy
• colostomy
• common bile duct
• communication disorders
• complementary and alternative medicine
• complete blood count (CBC)
• compliance
• computed tomography scan (Also called a CT or CAT scan.)
• conduction system
• conductive hearing impairment
• congenital adrenal hyperplasia
• congenital anomaly
• congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS)
• congenital cholesteatoma
• congenital hand problems
• congenital heart disease
• congenital muscular torticollis
• congenital varicella syndrome
• congestive heart failure
• conjunctiva
• conjunctivitis ("pink eye")
• constipation
• contact dermatitis
• continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
• convertible safety seat
• cornea
• corneal abrasion
• corneal curvature
• coronal suture
• coronary arteries
• corticosteroids
• cranial deformities
• craniectomy
• craniofacial
• craniopharyngioma
• craniosynostosis
• craniotomy
• cri du chat syndrome
• Crohn disease
• crossbite
• crossed eyes (strabismus)
• crossmatch
• crown
• cryosurgery
• cryptorchidism (undescended testes, UDT)
• CT scanner
• culture
• cyanosis
• cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS)
• cyst
• cystic adenomatoid mass of the chest (C-CAM)
• cystic fibrosis
• cystometrogram (CMG)
• cystoscopy (also called cystourethroscopy)
• cystourethrogram (Also called a voiding cystogram.)
• cytogenetics
• cytomegalovirus (CMV)

D

• Dandy Walker malformation
• DDAVP
• debridement
• decibel
• deciduous teeth
• deep vein thrombosis
• defibrillator
• dehydration
• delusions
• dental caries
• dental fluorosis
• dental implants
• depression
• dermatitis
• dermatomyositis
• dermis
• dermoid cyst
• descending colon
• developmental age
• developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)
• deviated septum
• dextrocardia
• diabetes
• diabetes - type 1
• diabetes - type 2
• diabetic retinopathy
• dialysis
• diaphragm
• diaphragmatic hernia
• diarrhea
• diastole

• diastolic blood pressure
• diathermy machine
• DiGeorge syndrome (also known as Shprintzen
• DiGeorge syndrome (also known as Shprintzen syndrome; velo-cardiofacial syndrome; 22q11.2 deletion syndrome)
• digestion
• digestive tract (Also called digestive system.)
• diphtheria
• diplopia
• disintegrative psychosis (also called childhood disintegrative disorder.)
• dislocation
• distention
• diuretic
• diverticulitis
• dizziness
• DNA (deoxyribosenucleic acid)
• Doppler ultrasound
• double outlet right ventricle
• Down syndrome (also called trisomy 21)
• Dravet syndrome
• drug abuse screening
• drug allergies
• Dubowitz/Ballard examination
• ducts
• ductus arteriosus
• duodenal ulcer
• duodenum
• dyslexia
• dysmenorrhea
• dysphagia
• dyspnea

E

• ear infections (otitis media)
• ear wax (Also called cerumen.)
• eating disorders
• ecchymosis
• echocardiogram (echo)
• ECMO
• ectodermal dysplasia
• eczema (also called atopic dermatitis)
• edema
• effusion
• ejection fraction
• electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
• electroencephalogram (EEG)
• electrolytes
• electromyogram (EMG)
• electrophysiological study (EPS)
• encephalitis
• encopresis
• end-stage organ disease
• end-to-end anastomosis
• endocarditis
• endocardium
• endorphins
• endoscope
• endothelial cells
• endothelium
• endotracheal tube (ET)
• enema
• enlarged heart
• enthesitis
• enuresis ("bedwetting")
• enuresis alarm
• enzyme replacement therapy (ERT)

• eosinophils
• ependymomas
• epicardium
• epidermis
• epidermolysis bullosa
• epidural anesthetic
• epilepsy (seizure disorder)
• epinephrine (Also called adrenalin.)
• epispadias
• epithelium
• erythema nodosum
• erythema toxicum
• erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
• esophageal atresia
• esophageal pH monitoring
• esophageal stricture
• esophagus
• euphoria
• eustachian tube
• euthyroid
• Ewing sarcoma
• EX-utero Intrapartum Treatment (EXIT)
• EX-utero Intrapartum Treatment (EXIT)
• exanthem
• excoriation
• excrete
• exercise electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
• exercise-induced asthma
• expiration
• expressive language disorder
• extraction
• extrinsic asthma
• eye prophylaxis

F

• facial cleft
• facial paralysis
• failure to thrive
• family-centered care
• fats
• fecal fat test
• fecal occult blood test
• fellowship
• femur
• fetal
• fetal abdominal cysts
• fetal abdominal wall defects (gastroschisis and omphalocele)
• fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
• fetal chronic idiopathic pseudo-obstruction (CIP)
• fetal cleft lip and palate
• fetal club feet
• fetal duplication of collecting systems
• fetal gastroschisis
• fetal heart rate monitoring
• fetal hydantoin syndrome
• fetal lung masses
• fetal omphalocele
• fetal ventriculomegaly
• fetus
• fiber
• fibrillation

• fibromyalgia
• fibrosis
• first-degree burns (Also called superficial burns.)
• fistula
• fluorescein stain
• fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)
• fluoride
• fluoroscopy
• flutter
• folic acid
• folic acid deficiency
• follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
• folliculitis
• Fontan procedure
• food allergies
• food intolerance
• foramen ovale
• fractures
• fragile-X syndrome
• frameless stereotactic instrumentation
• freckles
• free skin graft
• frontal bone
• frostbite
• fulminant hepatic failure (severe liver failure)

G

• galactosemia
• gallbladder
• ganglioglioma
• gas
• gastrectomy
• gastric
• gastric tube (GT)
• gastritis
• gastroenteritis
• gastroenterology
• gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
• gastrointestinal tract (Also called the digestive tract.)
• gastroparesis
• gastroschisis
• gastroscopy
• gastrostomy
• Gaucher disease
• gavage feedings
• gene therapy
• general anesthetic
• generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
• genes
• genetic counseling
• genetic screening
• genioplasty
• genitals

• germ cell
• germ cell tumors
• giardia lamblia
• gland
• glaucoma
• Glenn shunt
• glioblastoma
• glomerulonephritis
• glomerulosclerosis
• glucagon
• glucose
• gluten
• gluten sensitive enteropathy (Also called celiac sprue or celiac disease.)
• goiter
• gonadotropins
• gonads
• grade
• graft
• graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)
• granulation tissue
• granulocytes
• growth chart
• growth plate injuries
• grunting
• Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)
• gynecomastia

H

• H2-blockers
• Haemophilus influenzae (Also called H. influenzae)
• hair cells
• halitosis
• hallucinations
• hard palate
• hay fever (also called allergic rhinitis)
• head injuries
• head/neck masses
• headaches
• hearing aid
• hearing disorder
• hearing loss
• heart attack (Also called myocardial infarction.)
• heart block
• heart failure and cardiomyopathy
• heart rate
• heart transplantation
• heart valve prolapse
• heart valves
• heart-lung machine
• heartbeat
• heartburn
• heat cramps
• heat exhaustion
• heat illness
• heat stroke
• Helicobacter pylori
• hemangiomas
• hemarthrosis
• hematocrit
• hematoma
• hematopoiesis
• hematuria
• hemifacial microsomia (also called Goldenhar syndrome)
• hemochromatosis
• hemoglobin
• hemoglobin S-beta thalassemia
• hemolysis
• hemolytic anemia
• hemolytic disease of the newborn
• hemolytic uremic syndrome
• hemophilia (also called a coagulation disorder)
• hemorrhagic anemia
• hemorrhagic disease of the newborn
• Henoch-Schoenlein purpura
• hepatic
• hepatitis
• hepatitis A
• hepatitis B
• hepatitis C
• hepatitis D
• hepatitis E
• hepatitis G

• hepatoblastoma
• hermaphrodite
• hernia
• herniorrhaphy
• herpes virus
• herpes zoster (Also called shingles.)
• high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
• hip dysplasia
• Hirschsprung disease
• histamine
• hives (also called urticaria)
• hoarseness
• Hodgkin disease
• Holter monitor
• homocystinuria
• homograft
• homosexual
• hordeolum (stye)
• hormone
• horseshoe kidney
• hospice
• human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
• human papillomaviruses (HPVs)
• hyaline membrane disease (HMD; also called respiratory distress syndrome, RDS)
• hyaloid canal
• hydrocele
• hydrocephalus
• hydrochloric acid
• hydrocortisone
• hydronephrosis
• hydronephrosis, pyelectasis
• hydrops fetalis
• hyper-IgM syndrome
• hyperbilirubinemia
• hypercalciuria
• hyperglycemia
• hyperkalemia
• hypernatremia
• hyperopia
• hypertension (high blood pressure)
• hyperthermia
• hyperthyroidism
• hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (also called idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis)
• hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
• hyphema
• hypocalcemia
• hypoglycemia
• hypoplastic left heart
• hypospadias (sometimes misspelled as hypospadius)
• hypotension
• hypothalamus
• hypothyroidism
• hypoxia

I

• ibuprofen
• ichthyosis
• IgE antibody
• ileum
• imaging studies
• immune system
• immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
• immunizations (also called vaccines or vaccinations)
• immunocompromised
• immunoglobulins
• immunosuppression
• immunosuppressive medications
• immunotherapy
• imperforate anus
• impetigo
• inborn error of metabolism
• incontinence
• indigestion
• indirect DNA studies (Also called "linkage studies.")
• infant safety seat
• infection
• inferior vena cava
• inflammation
• inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis)
• influenza (also called the flu)
• informed consent

• inguinal hernia
• inner ear
• inpatient surgery
• inspiration
• insufficiency
• insulin
• insulin-resistance
• intestinal anomalies
• intestinal atresia
• intestinal flora
• intestinal mucosa
• intestinal transplantation
• intestines
• intolerance
• intracranial pressure (ICP)
• intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)
• intravenous (IV)
• intravenous gamma globulin (IVGG)
• intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
• intraventricular hemorrhage
• intrinsic asthma
• intussusception
• inversion
• iris
• iron deficiency anemia
• ischemia

J

• jaundice
• jejunum
• joint
• jugular veins

• juvenile dermatomyositis
• juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
• juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)

K

• karyotype
• Kasai portoenterostomy
• Kawasaki disease
• keloids
• keratitis
• keratosis pilaris
• kerion
• kernicterus

• ketogenic d